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VMM 2008 Virtual Machine templates enable the basic configuration framework of a virtual machine to be specified are stored in VMM Libraries and then are used to create multiple enable new virtual machines conforming to be created quickly and with consistent hardware and operating system configurations. Templates also control the same pre-configured standard. In addition, virtual machine configurations that are available to users when creating new virtual machines created within the VMM Self-Service Portal can only be created using a pre-existing templatePortals.
This chapter of [[VMM 2008 Essentials]] provides an overview of the components that make up a template and covers the basics of creating and managing VMM 2008 virtual machine templates.
== An Overview of a Virtual Machine Template ==
Virtual Machine templates and associated profiles are created from within the VMM Administrator Console and are stored in a VMM Library ready to be accessed when creating new virtual machines, either from the VMM Administrator Console, or from within the VMM Self-Service Portal. In fact, virtual machines may only be created from within the Self-Service portal based on a pre-existing template specification.
A virtual machine template typically has the following components associated with itconsists of a virtual hard disk and two configuration groups known as ''profiles'':
* '''Hardware Profile''' - A hardware profile defines hardware configuration settings such as CPU, memory, network, BIOS and device resources to be used when a new virtual machine is created using a template.
* '''Virtual Hard Disk''' - A standard virtual hard disk to be used by the new virtual machine. The disk may a virtual hard disk stored in a VMM Library, or a disk from an existing virtual machine. The VMM Library contains two blank disks by default (a small 16GB disk and large 60GB disk) which may be used for this purpose.
Both hardware and guest operating system profiles may be created independently of the template and stored in the VMM Library. Once stored, they may be imported into new templates during the template creation process. One point to note is that after a profile has been imported into a template there is no ongoing relationship between the template and the profile. As such, any subsequent changes to the configuration settings in the profile will not be reflected in the templates and vice versa.
== Creating a Hardware Profile ==
As previously described, hardware profiles define a baseline hardware configuration for a virtual machine. Once created, a hardware profile may be associated with one or more imported into new templatesas they are created. Any virtual machines which are subsequently created using those templates will be configured to match the corresponding hardware profile.
Hardware profiles are created from the ''Library'' view of the VMM Administrator Console. For details on how to launch the console, refer to the chapter entitled [[A Guided Tour of the VMM Administrator Console]]. Once the console is running and connected to the desired VMM Server, click on the ''Library'' button in the bottom left pane of the window. Once the Library view is displayed, click on the ''New hardware profile'' link located in the ''Actions'' pane on the right side of the window. Once selected, the ''New Hardware Profile'' wizard will appear as illustrated in the following figure:
== Creating a Guest Operating System Profile ==
Guest operating system profiles provide an outline configuration for the operating system which is to run inside a virtual machine. As with the hardware profile, a guest OS profile may be used in imported during the construction of a virtual machine template.
Guest Operating System profiles are also created from within the ''Library'' view of the VMM Administrator Console. With the view displayed, click on the ''New guest OS profile'' link located in the ''Actions'' pane to invoke the wizard as illustrated below:
Once the settings are complete, click on OK to create the new profile. After the guest OS profile has been created, it will be listed under Profiles in the Resources pane located in the top left corner of the VMM Administrator console window. The settings may be changed at any time by right clicking on the profile and selecting Properties from the resulting menu. Similarly, a guest operating system profile may be copied or deleted by right clicking on the required profile and selecting Copy or Delete respectively.
== Creating a New Virtual Machine Template == VMM virtual machine templates are created from the ''Library'' view of the VMM Administrator Console. They may be constructed by manually entering the configuration settings for the hardware and guest operating system profile, or pre-existing profiles stored in the VMM Library may be imported to speed the creation process and ensure configuration consistency across multiple templates. The template creation process begins by selecting the ''Library'' view of the VMm Administrator Console and clicking on the ''New template'' link located in the ''Library Actions'' section of the ''Actions'' pane located on the right hand side of the console window. This selection will invoke the ''New Template'' wizard as shown below: [[Image:vmm_new_template_wizard.jpg|The VMM Administrator Console New Template Wizard]] The first screen is where the source of the template is to be found, either in the form of an existing virtual hard disk stored in the Library, or from an existing virtual machine. In order to base the new template on an existing virtual machine, use the Browse button to navigate to the desired virtual machine. Before using an existing virtual machine as the basis for a template there are some important points to be aware of. Firstly, the source virtual machine will be destroyed as part of the template creation process. To avoid this, be sure to clone the virtual machine and use the clone as the source for the template. Secondly, in order for an existing virtual machine to be used as the basis for a template, the machine must be powered off. Currently running virtual machines will not be included in the list of those available for use as the basis for a template. If, on the other hand, an existing virtual hard disk is to be used, use the corresponding ''Browse'' button to navigate to the required item. By default two blank hard disks are stored in the VMM Library for this specific purpose (a small 16GB disk and large 60GB disk). Having selected a suitable source for the template, click the ''Next'' button to proceed to the ''Template Identity'' screen where the template should be given a name and optional description. If the default owner displayed by the wizard is incorrect, either enter the correct owner identity or use the ''Browse'' button to identify an another user before clicking ''Next'' to proceed to the ''Hardware Configuration'' screen: [[Image:vmm_template_hardware_settings.jpg|The hardware settings screen of the VMM New Template wizard]] On the hardware configuration screen, a number of options are available depending on the template source specified on the first screen and the overall configuration requirements: * If the template was sourced from an existing virtual machine, the hardware configuration settings are populated with the settings from that virtual machine and may not be altered. Settings from a pre-existing hardware profile may, however, be imported and subsequently modified by selecting the desired hardware profile from the ''Hardware profile'' menu. * If a pre-existing virtual hard disk was selected from the library as the source for the template, the ''Hardware profile'' menu selection may be left as ''[New]'' and the configuration settings manually configured to meet the requirements for the virtual machine. * If a pre-existing virtual hard disk was selected from the library as the source for the template, the configuring from an existing hardware profile may be imported by selecting the profile name from the ''Hardware profile'' menu. Once applied, the profile settings may be modified before proceeding with the template creation process. Once the hardware settings have been configured, click next to proceed to the ''Guest Operating System'' screen. If the template was sourced from an existing virtual machine, all settings may be inherited from that machine by selecting the ''Customization is not required'' option of the ''Guest operating system profile'' menu. Alternatively, new settings may be configured by selecting ''[New]''. Yet another option is to import the settings from an existing guest operating system profile by selecting the profile name from the ''Guest operating system profile'' menu. Clicking ''Next'' after the guest operating system profile settings have been configured displays the ''Select Library Server'' screen. By default, the wizard will list library servers it is already aware of. Select the required server and click ''Next'' to proceed to the Select Path screen. Use the ''Browse'' button to select an appropriate location in the VMm Library share folder to store the template. Once a location has been specified, click ''Next'', review the ''Summary'' screen and, assuming the summary matches expectations, click ''Create'' to generate the template.
